Internal-combustion engine



Ap ril 13",1926.

F. W. SEVERIN INTERNAL-QOMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 14, 1924 Patented Apr. 13, 1926.

UNITED STATES PA ENT OFFICE, r

FRANK w. snvnnm, or wrmrnrrn, ILLInoIs, ass'renon T vnnn-snvnnm uacnnm 00., or cnrcaeo, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION or rumors.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed 'April 14, 1924. Serial No. 706,293.

To all whom it my concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK W. SEVERIN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Wilmette, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The invention relates to internal combus- 1 tion engines of that type in which the working fillIdlS injected directly into the combustion-chamber, and its primary object is to provide. an improved construction which will produce thorough and even intermingling in said chamber of the fuel and air compressed by the piston in theworkingcylinder, delivering the compressed air into the chamber so that it will not 'be bafiled against and condense the injected oil, and will be dispersed to avoid currents which will tend to localize the oil or interfere with effective intermingling of air and oil neces sary for efficient combustion. The invention consists in the several novel features hereinafter set forth and more particularly defined by claims at the conclusion hereof.

In the drawings: Fig. 1 is alongitudinal section of an oil engine embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

The invention is exemplified in an engine of the two-cycle type which comprises a water-jacketed working-cylinder 3, in which is slidably mounted the working-piston 4 which is connected -by a pitman 5 to.

a crank-shaft, as well understood in the art a water-jacketed head 6 for said cylinder and which is secured thereto by bolts 7 a cylinder 8, in which thebody. or central portion of the combustion-chamber 8 is formed; a water-jacketed head 9; and bolts 10 which extend through the head 9 and into the head 6 and clamp the cylinder 8 between said heads. An injector 11 of any suitable construction, is secured centrally in the head 9 and is of the type which is adapted to discharge a spray. of oil in Variation formation or direction and .down- -wardly and angularly to spread it more or less and proportionately to the load. An electric firing-plug 12 extends through the cylinder 8 to ignite the combustible mixture bustion or firing-chamber 8 is formed in cylinder 8, and at one of its ends it has a curved or concave portion 8 formed in head 9; through which the oil is injected, and a spherically concave portion 8 in the 'cylinder-head 6. The latter is provided wlth a central opening 15 which prov-ides a com- -munication between the working-cylinder and the combustion-chamber. The outer margin of the upper end of the piston .is tapered and has two relatively angled conoidal portions, as at 16, 16, conformably to the correspondingly tapered portions '17, 17 in the .head 6. A recess 18, having a curved wall 18, is formed in the lower end of cylinder-head 6' between conoidal portion inthe chamber 8. The body of "the com d .17 and opening 15, for the passage of the v or giving fixed direction flow to, the air passing from the working cylinder into the lower end of the combustion-chamber; The edge of opening 15 between recess 18 and the lower concave end 8 of the combustion chamber approximates a knife-edge to avoid giving definite upward or longitudinal direction to the compressed air passin the combustion-chamber so the air flow upwardly and spread throughout substan-' tially the entire area of chamber 8. The

combustion-chamber above constrictionopening 15 has suflicient cubic area to permit the compressed air to pass outwardly and upwardlyjn the lower concave end of saidchamber following the concavity of said end as generally indicated by arrows in Fig. 1, and to get behind or around the charge of vapor forced into the chamber 8", and also to provide for suificient expansion to liberate the heat from combustion. The reces 18 is small relatively to the chamber 8 and the arc of wall 18 is such as to cause the fuel in the combustion chamber to be reversed in flow after impacting against the piston and into a I stroke and after the products of combustion from the previous power-stroke have been discharged, will compress air in the upper end of the Working cylinder and force it from the cylinder around the constrictionopening 15. The air will not be jetted through said opening and pass with directional force ,7 into and through the combustion-chamber, but will pass outwardly and upwardly and be dispersed somewhat uniformly and without definite direction "throughout the entire width of the combustion chamber. Consequently, each charge of oil injected and sprayed into the combuetion-chamiber through injector 1 1 will not bewb'aflied and condensed by the air, but

will set up a disturbance to effect a substantially uniformly combustible mixture which,

when it reaches its maximum compression in' the combustion chamber, will be ignited by the plug 12 to impart a power-stroke to the piston. The recess 18, being formed to permit reversal of the products impacted against the piston, will cause any unconsumed fuel to pass back into chamber 8 where 'it will commingle with the products to result in complete combustion.

In these engines, the oil is injected, while the crank-shaft is travelling, from 30 to 10 of its upper dead-center and momentarily. A desideratum isto inject the oil at substantially the point of greatest ac tivity of the air and to spray the oil in dif- 'ferent directions or with more or less spread to produce the diffusion vnecessary for etficient combustion and according to the variation in the volume of the oil injected.

The invention exemplifies a construction in which this desired result is attained, be-

cause it provides for thoroughly mixing'the oil and air without jetting or directional flow of the air which tends to condense the oil and, for mixing with air in substantially uniform state of activity across the entire combustion-chamber. 4

The invention is not to be understood as restricted to the details set forth, since these may be modified within the scope of the appended claims, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

, Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent,'is: u

1. In an oil engine, thecombination of a from the cy working cylinder, a piston slidable therein, a combustion-chamber connected to the outer end of and coaxial with the cylinder, an

and an annular recess in the cylinder contiguous to said edge, said recess being disposed between the area traversed by the piston and the constriction, said recess and constriction being adapted to form a directiondestroying passage for the compressed fluid from the cylinder to the combustion chamber to, prevent jetting, or definite directional flow of the fluid from the cylinder, the combustion chamber having sufiicient cubic area to permit the fluid from the cylinder to disperse uniformly throughout the Width of the combustion chamber and tol prevent bafiling which willcondense the o1 2. In an oil engine,'the combination of a working cylinder, a piston slidable therein, a combustion chamber connected to the outer end of and coaxial with the cylinder, an injector connected to spray oil into the combustion-chamber,' an annular substantially knife-edge constriction with a central opening between the cylinder and the chamber, and a wall-portion sharply and outwardly curved from said edge to the cylinder forming an annular recess in the cylinder between the area traversed by the piston and said edge, said recess and constriction being shaped to form a direction-destroying passage for the compressed fluid from the cylinder to the combustion chamher to prevent jetting or definite directional flow of the fluid from the cylinder, the combustion chamber having suflicient cubic area to permit the fluid from the cylinder to disperse uniformly throughout the width of the combustion chamber and to prevent bafliing which will condense the oil.

3. In an oil engine, the combination of a working cylinder having a tapered portion at the outer end of the cylinder, a piston slidable in the cylinder and provided with a correspondingly tapered portion to enter the tapered portion of the cylinder, a combustion-chamber connected to the outer end of and coaxial with the cylinder, an in-v jector connected to spray oil into the combustionchamber, an annular substantially knife-edge constriction with a centralopem ing between the cylinder and the chamber, and an annular recess in the cylinder'corb tiguous to said edge, said recess being disposed between the area traversed by the piston and the constriction, said recess and constriction being shaped to form a directiondestroying assage for the compressed fluid iinder to the combustion chamber to prevent jetting or definite directional ing,

flow of thefluid from the cylinder, the combustion chamber having suflicient cubic area to permit the fluid from the cylinder to disperse uniformly throughout the width of the combustion chamber and to prevent bafliing which will condense the oil, the tapered portions of the cylinder and piston being formed to deflect the 'fiuid in the recess.

4. In an oil engine, the combination of a casing provided with a working cylinder, a head secured to the outer end of the casa piston slidablein the casing, a cylinder separate from and adjacent the outer end of said head and ,forrning, the body of a combustion-chamber, a separate head at' the outer end of the .latter'cylinder, means to" securing said heads together with the combustion-chamber cylinder therebetwecn, an injector in the outer end of the combustion-chamber head to spray oil into the outer end of the combustion chamber, the'head between said cylinders being formed with an i annular constriction which is of sufiicient area and so short as to avoid jetting. or giving definite direction to compressed air from the working cylinder, and having a concave portion between said constriction and the end of the cylinder forming the body of the combustion chamber, and having a recess between the constriction and the outer end of the working cylinder, the combustion-chamber having sufficient cubic areavto permit the compressed air from the cylinder to spread uniforml throughout the width. of the combustion-chamber and' to avoid battling which will condense the oil, and .ignitionmeanS for the mixture in the chamber. f

of February, 1924.

5. In an oil engine, the comibination'of a casing provided with a working cylinder, a head secured to the outer end of the easing and having a tapered portion contiguous to the outer end of the cylinder,

the head between said cylina piston slidable in the casing and provided with a .tapered portion fitting substantially. in the dair from the cylinder,

constriction and the end of the cylinder forming the .body of the combustion-chember, and having a recess between the constriction and i the tapered portion at the outer end of the working cylinder, the combustion-cheruber having suflicient cubic area to perniit the compressed air from the cylinder to spread uniformly throughout the width -of-the"eombustion-chan'iber and toavoid bafliing which will condense the oil, andignition means for the mixture in the chamber.

' Signed at Chicago, Illinois, this 18th day.

" FRANK w. SEVERIN, 

